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A social networking service (also social networking site or SNS) is a platform to build social networks or social relations among people who share similar interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life coniñnections. A social network service consists of a representation of each user (often a profile), his or her social links, and a variety of additional services such as career services. Social network sites are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users with whom to share connections, and view and cross the connections within the system. Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Social network sites are varied and they incorporate new information and communication tools such as mobile connectivity, photo/video/sharing and blogging.〔Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication Volume 13, Issue 1, pages 210–230, October 2007〕 Online community services are sometimes considered a social network service, though in a broader sense, social network service usually means an individual-centered service whereas online community services are group-centered. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events, and interests with people in their network. The main types of social networking services are those that contain category places (such as former school year or classmates), means to connect with friends (usually with self-description pages), and a recommendation system linked to trust. Popular methods now combine many of these, with American-based services such as Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, Instagram, Reddit, Pinterest, Vine, Tumblr, and Twitter widely used worldwide; Nexopia in Canada;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nexopia stats on )〕 Badoo,〔(Elevator Pitch: Why Badoo wants to be the next word in social networking ), Mark Sweney, ''The Guardian'', December 24, 2007. Retrieved March 2008.〕 Bebo,〔(Bebo ) - most popular of its kind in UK,(August 2007): TechCrunch website. Retrieved January 15, 2008.〕 Vkontakte (Russia), Delphi, Draugiem.lv (Latvia), iWiW (Hungary), Nasza-Klasa (Poland), Soup (Austria), Glocals in Switzerland, Skyrock, The Sphere, StudiVZ (Germany), Tagged, Tuenti (mostly in Spain), Myspace, Xanga and XING〔(German Xing Plans Invasion of LinkedIn Turf ): article from the MarketingVox website.〕 in parts of Europe;〔(Hi5 popular in Europe ): article from the PBS MediaShift website. Retrieved January 18, 2008.〕 Hi5 in South America and Central America; Mxit in Africa; Cyworld, Mixi, Renren, Friendster, Sina Weibo and Wretch in Asia and the Pacific Islands. There have been attempts to standardize these services to avoid the need to duplicate entries of friends and interests (see the FOAF standard). A study reveals that India has recorded world's largest growth in terms of social media users in 2013. A 2013 survey found that 73% of U.S. adults use social networking sites. ==History== The potential for computer networking to facilitate newly improved forms of computer-mediated social interaction was suggested early on.〔''The Network Nation 2'' by S. Roxanne Hiltz and Murray Turoff (Addison-Wesley, 1978, 1993)〕 Efforts to support social networks via computer-mediated communication were made in many early online services, including Usenet,〔Michael Hauben, Ronda Hauben, and Thomas Truscott (1997-04-27). Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet (Perspectives). Wiley-IEEE Computer Society P. ISBN 0-8186-7706-6〕 ARPANET, LISTSERV, and bulletin board services (BBS). Many prototypical features of social networking sites were also present in online services such as America Online, Prodigy, CompuServe, ChatNet, and The WELL.〔Katie Hafner, The WELL: A Story of Love, Death and Real Life in the Seminal Online Community (2001) Carroll & Graf Publishers ISBN 0-7867-0846-8〕 Early social networking on the World Wide Web began in the form of generalized online communities such as Theglobe.com (1995), Geocities (1994) and Tripod.com (1995). Many of these early communities focused on bringing people together to interact with each other through chat rooms, and encouraged users to share personal information and ideas via personal webpages by providing easy-to-use publishing tools and free or inexpensive webspace. Some communities - such as Classmates.com - took a different approach by simply having people link to each other via email addresses. PlanetAll started in 1996. In the late 1990s, user profiles became a central feature of social networking sites, allowing users to compile lists of "friends" and search for other users with similar interests. New social networking methods were developed by the end of the 1990s, and many sites began to develop more advanced features for users to find and manage friends.〔Romm-Livermore, C. & Setzekorn, K. (2008). Social Networking Communities and E-Dating Services: Concepts and Implications. IGI Global. p.271〕 This newer generation of social networking sites began to flourish with the emergence of SixDegrees.com in 1997,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=mcmc.indiana.edu )〕 followed by Makeoutclub in 2000, Hub Culture and Friendster in 2002,〔Knapp, E. (2005). A Parent's Guide to MySpace. DayDream Publishers. ISBN 1-4196-4146-8〕 and soon became part of the Internet mainstream. However, thanks to the nation's high internet penetration rate, the first mass social networking site was the South Korean service, Cyworld, launched as a blog-based site in 1999 and social networking features added in 2001.〔Thelwall, M. & Stuart, D. (2010). Social Network Sites. In Panayiotis Zaphiris & Chee Siang Ang, ''Social Computing and Virtual Communities'', p.271; Boyd, D. & Ellson, N. (2008). Social Network Sites: Definition, History and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. p.210-230.〕 It also became one of the first companies to profit from the sale of virtual goods.〔(E-Society: My World Is Cyworld ), businessweek.com, Sep 26, 2005〕〔(Tapping into growing market for virtual goods ), seattlepi.com, November 2, 2009 9:56 p.m. PT〕 Friendster was followed by MySpace and LinkedIn a year later, and eventually Bebo. Friendster became very popular in the Pacific Islands. Orkut became the first popular social networking service in Brazil (although most of its very first users were from the United States) and quickly grew in popularity in India (Madhavan, 2007).〔Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication Volume 13, Issue 1, pages 210–230, October 2007/〕 Attesting to the rapid increase in social networking sites' popularity, by 2005, it was reported that Myspace was getting more page views than Google. Facebook,〔Steve Rosenbush (2005). (News Corp.'s Place in MySpace ), ''Bloomberg BusinessWeek'', July 19, 2005. (MySpace Page Views figures)〕 launched in 2004, became the largest social networking site in the world〔("Social graph-iti" ): Facebook's social network graphing: article from ''The Economist's website. Retrieved January 19, 2008.〕 in early 2009. Facebook was first introduced (in 2004) as a Harvard social networking site,〔 expanding to other universities and eventually, anyone. The term ''Social media'' was introduced and soon became widespread. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social networking service」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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